avocat cour pénale internationale

[286][287] However, following Gambia's presidential election later that year, which ended the long rule of Yahya Jammeh, Gambia rescinded its withdrawal notification. [307] They argue that national prosecutions, where possible, are more cost-effective, preferable to victims and more sustainable. The Danish firm schmidt hammer lassen were ultimately selected to design the new premises since its design met all the ICC criteria, such as design quality, sustainability, functionality and costs. 0:31. [32] The Assembly elects officials of the Court, approves its budget, and adopts amendments to the Rome Statute. Finally the General Assembly convened a conference in Rome in June 1998, with the aim of finalizing the treaty to serve as the Court's statute. There are a number of NGOs working on a variety of issues related to the ICC. [32][43] Article 46 of the Rome Statute allows the Assembly to remove from office a judge or prosecutor who "is found to have committed serious misconduct or a serious breach of his or her duties" or "is unable to exercise the functions required by this Statute". Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru jointly referred the situation in Venezuela I on 27 September 2018. The ICC lacks universal territorial jurisdiction, and may only investigate and prosecute crimes committed within member states, crimes committed by nationals of member states, or crimes in situations referred to the Court by the United Nations Security Council. La Cour pénale internationale Conférence donnée par Yves Daoudal à l’université d’été de Chrétienté-Solidarité, à Saint-Jacques de Compostelle, en 2002 La Cour pénale internationale. The factors listed in Article 53 considered for reasonable basis include whether the case would be admissible, and whether there are substantial reasons to believe that an investigation would not serve the interests of justice (the latter stipulates balancing against the gravity of the crime and the interests of the victims).[78]. [62] Released 27 November 2019. Les juges de la CPI ont également délivré 9 citations à comparaître qui ont toutes été respectées. [11] Israel's opposition to the treaty stemmed from the inclusion in the list of war crimes "the action of transferring population into occupied territory". [55] It is headed by the Chief Prosecutor, who is assisted by one or more Deputy Prosecutors. [129], Article 43(6) establishes a Victims and Witnesses Unit to provide "protective measures and security arrangements, counseling and other appropriate assistance for witnesses, victims who appear before the Court, and others who are at risk on account of testimony given by such witnesses. La Cour pénale internationale, dont le siège est à La Haye, aux Pays-Bas, était déjà controversée lors des négociations diplomatiques sur sa création en 1998 à Rome – et l’est encore aujourd’hui. International Criminal Court is sometimes abbreviated as ICCt to distinguish it from several other organisations abbreviated as ICC. Le Code annoté de la Cour pénale internationale est une collection dans laquelle, en fonction du nombre de décisions rendues par la Cour dans l’avenir, un nouveau volume sera publié chaque année ou tous les deux ans. [285], On 7 October 2016, Burundi announced that it would leave the ICC, after the court began investigating political violence in that nation. [52] They serve nine-year terms and are not generally eligible for re-election. [36][35] A further 31 countries[34] have signed but not ratified the Rome Statute. [117] In camera proceedings are allowed for protection of witnesses or defendants as well as for confidential or sensitive evidence. [155] Part of The Hague's International Zone,[156] which also contains the Peace Palace, Europol, Eurojust, ICTY, OPCW and The Hague World Forum, the court facilities are situated on the site of the Alexanderkazerne, a former military barracks, adjacent to the dune landscape on the northern edge of the city. To initiate an investigation, the Prosecutor must (1) have a "reasonable basis to believe that a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court has been or is being committed", (2) the investigation would be consistent with the principle of complementarity, and (3) the investigation serves the interests of justice. 132‐133, 150‐151, <, Statement of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Ms Fatou Bensouda, regarding the situation in the Kasaï provinces, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 31 March 2017, <. Langues pratiquées : Anglais. ​. [85] Such crimes include attacking civilians or civilian objects, attacking peacekeepers, causing excessive incidental death or damage, transferring populations into occupied territories, treacherously killing or wounding, denying quarter, pillaging, employing poison, using expanding bullets, rape and other forms of sexual violence, and conscripting or using child soldiers. [55], The Prosecutor may open an investigation under three circumstances:[55], Any person being investigated or prosecuted may request the disqualification of a prosecutor from any case "in which their impartiality might reasonably be doubted on any ground". An, If there was a warrant of arrest, the dates of transfer to the International Criminal Court (. Therefore, an individual can only be prosecuted if he or she has either (1) committed a crime within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court or (2) committed a crime while being a national of a state that is within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court. [179][180] Preliminary investigations were closed in Gabon; Honduras; registered vessels of Comoros, Greece, and Cambodia; South Korea; and Venezuela on events since 1 July 2002. The Registry Public Information Office personnel and Victims Participation and Reparations Section officials hold seminars for local leaders, professionals and the media to spread the word about the Court. avocat Avocat à la Cour. [73][74], The Registry is responsible for the non-judicial aspects of the administration and servicing of the Court. Defendants are entitled to public, fair proceedings that they can follow in a language they fully understand, and Venezuela referred the situation in Venezuela II on 13 February 2020. The rest of the building's volumes accommodate the offices of the different organs of the ICC.[161]. [53], The Prosecutor or any person being investigated or prosecuted may request the disqualification of a judge from "any case in which his or her impartiality might reasonably be doubted on any ground". The HUDOC database provides access to the case-law of the Court (Grand Chamber, Chamber and Committee judgments and decisions, communicated cases, advisory opinions and legal summaries from the Case-Law Information Note), the European Commission of Human Rights (decisions and reports) and the Committee of Ministers (resolutions) plus. The ICC began operations on 1 July 2002, upon the entry into force of the Rome Statute, a multilateral treaty that serves as the court's foundational and governing document. En qualité de juridiction de dernier ressort, elle s’efforce de compléter les juridictions nationales et non de les remplacer. [Bemba et al. The preliminary examination relates to registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia. The process to establish the Court's jurisdiction may be "triggered" by any one of three possible sources: (1) a State party, (2) the Security Council or (3) a Prosecutor. Wählen Sie aus erstklassigen Inhalten zum Thema Cour Pénale Internationale in höchster Qualität. La compétence de la Cour n’étant pas rétroactive, elle traite les crimes commis à compter de cette date. Media in category "International Criminal Court" The following 29 files are in this category, out of 29 total. [146] Such a deferral may be renewed indefinitely by the Security Council. The Court has four organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Division, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. De nos jours, le traité est l’instrument juridique qui oriente le travail de la CPI et il est développé dans les autres textes juridiques, notamment les Éléments des crimes et le Règlement de procédure et de preuve. Parties and signatories of the Rome Statute, Towards a permanent international criminal court, Offences against the administration of justice, Territorial or personal jurisdiction requirements, Co-operation by states not party to Rome Statute, Amnesties and national reconciliation processes, Investigations and preliminary examinations, African accusations of Western imperialism, Criticism by the United States government, Questioning the true application of the principle of complementarity. Indicted but has not yet appeared before the Court. Ces éléments sont fondamentaux pour construire un avenir exempt de violence.​. [44], The Assembly elects the judges and prosecutors, decides the Court's budget, adopts important texts (such as the Rules of Procedure and Evidence), and provides management oversight to the other organs of the Court. [298], Concerning the independent Office of Public Counsel for the Defence (OPCD), Thomas Lubanga's defence team say they were given a smaller budget than the Prosecutor and that evidence and witness statements were slow to arrive. [289] On 7 March 2017 the South African government formally revoked its intention to withdraw;[290] however, the ruling ANC revealed on 5 July 2017 that its intention to withdraw stands.[291]. [45], The Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) is responsible for conducting investigations and prosecutions. Participation before the Court may occur at various stages of proceedings and may take different forms, although it will be up to the judges to give directions as to the timing and manner of participation. "[280] Despite these calls, the ICC went ahead with requiring William Ruto to attend his trial. Les juges de la CPI mènent les procédures judiciaires, en veillant à leur déroulement équitable. Since it has no retroactive jurisdiction, the ICC deals with crimes committed on or after this date. The procedure is slightly different when referred by a State Party or the Security Council, in which cases the Prosecutor does not need authorization of the Pre-Trial Chamber to initiate the investigation. Their legal experts helped shape the Statute, while their lobbying efforts built support for it. [91] The Court's jurisdiction to prosecute crimes of aggression was accordingly activated on 17 July 2018. Vers # 1mondeplusjuste. ICC judges conduct judicial proceedings and ensure the fairness of proceedings. [281] The UNSC was then asked to consider deferring the trials of Kenyatta and Ruto for a year,[282] but this was rejected. The ICC's detention centre is a short distance away. Unsere Auswahl ist auf unserer Seite definitiv sehr umfangreich. This principle applies regardless of the outcome of national proceedings. "Fair Trials and International Courts: A Critical Evaluation of the Nuremberg Legacy." Le Code propose une sélection des extraits les plus pertinents des décisions publiques rendues par la Cour. [18] The Review Conference led to the adoption of two resolutions that amended the crimes under the jurisdiction of the Court. Mr Lubanga and Mr Katanga were convicted and sentenced to 14 and 12 years imprisonment, respectively, whereas Mr Chui was acquitted. La justice est une condition essentielle à une paix durable. Rwanda. For example, the outstanding arrest warrants for four leaders of the Lord's Resistance Army are regarded by some as an obstacle to ending the insurgency in Uganda. The NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court has served as a sort of umbrella for NGOs to coordinate with each other on similar objectives related to the ICC. Please turn on JavaScript and try again. Regarder maintenant. Individuals can only be prosecuted for crimes that took place on or after 1 July 2002, which is the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. [46], In 2010, Kampala, Uganda hosted the Assembly's Rome Statute Review Conference.[47]. "ICC officials recognize that the NGOs pursue their own agendas, and that they will seek to pressure the ICC in the direction of their own priorities rather than necessarily understanding or being fully sympathetic to the myriad constraints and pressures under which the Court operates. Julien Kouanga. Trial has begun but has not yet been completed. The CICC also claims organizations that are themselves federations, such as the International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (FIDH). The ICC is financed by contributions from the states parties. "[93] The article also contains a list of seven acts of aggression, which are identical to those in United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 of 1974 and include the following acts when committed by one state against another state:[94], Article 70 criminalizes certain intentional acts which interfere with investigations and proceedings before the Court, including giving false testimony, presenting false evidence, corruptly influencing a witness or official of the Court, retaliating against an official of the Court, and soliciting or accepting bribes as an official of the Court.[95]. In situations that are referred to the Court by the United Nations Security Council, the territorial jurisdiction is defined by the Security Council, which may be more expansive than the Court's normal territorial jurisdiction. [8] While work began on the draft, the United Nations Security Council established two ad hoc tribunals in the early 1990s: The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, created in 1993 in response to large-scale atrocities committed by armed forces during Yugoslav Wars, and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, created in 1994 following the Rwandan genocide. All three nations cited the fact that all 39 people indicted by the court over its history have been African and that the court has made no effort to investigate war crimes tied to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The ICC pointed out that it retained jurisdiction over the Philippines during the period when it was a state party to the Rome Statute, from November 2011 to March 2019. Le Procureur effectue des examens préliminaires, mène des enquêtes et il est le seul à pouvoir porter des affaires devant la Cour. Though the ICC has denied the charge of disproportionately targeting African leaders, and claims to stand up for victims wherever they may be, Kenya was not alone in criticising the ICC. 1 September 2007: Policy Paper on the Interest of Justice, 12 April 2010: Policy Paper on Victims' Participation, 1 November 2013: Policy Paper on Preliminary Examinations, 20 June 2014: Policy Paper on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes, 15 September 2016: Policy paper on case selection and prioritisation, Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group, Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction, Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group, Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group, Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty, Destruction and appropriation of property, Sentencing or execution without due process, Invasion or attack by armed forces against territory, Attack on the land, sea, or air forces or marine and air fleets, The use of armed forces which are within the territory of another state by agreement, but in contravention of the conditions of the agreement, Allowing territory to be used by another state to perpetrate an act of aggression against a third state, Promoting worldwide ratification and implementation of the Rome Statute of the ICC, Maintaining the integrity of the Rome Statute of the ICC, and, Ensuring the ICC will be as fair, effective and independent as possible, Calvo-Goller, Karin. The ICC has faced a number of criticisms from states and society, including objections about its jurisdiction, accusations of bias, questioning of the fairness of its case-selection and trial procedures, and doubts about its effectiveness. Despite these legitimate intentions and great expectations, there is little evidence of the The seven countries that voted against the treaty were China, Iraq, Israel, Libya, Qatar, the United States, and Yemen. [40][41] Ukraine, a non-ratifying signatory, has accepted the Court's jurisdiction for a period starting in 2013.[42]. [133], Victims before the International Criminal Court can also claim reparations under Article 75 of the Rome Statute. Kofi Annan, ancien Secrétaire général de l’Organisation des Nations Unies. Three architects were chosen by an international jury from a total of 171 applicants to enter into further negotiations. ", South African President Jacob Zuma said the perceptions of the ICC as "unreasonable" led to the calling of the special AU summit on 13 October 2015. Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology. ", "Africa and the International Criminal Court: A drag net that catches only small fish?". 0 connections. [134] So far the Court has ordered reparations against Thomas Lubanga. Le Statut de Rome est ensuite entré en vigueur en 2002, suite à sa ratification par 60 États. It is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore exercise its jurisdiction only when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals. It is sometimes argued that amnesties are necessary to allow the peaceful transfer of power from abusive regimes. Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan​. [49] The current president is Chile Eboe-Osuji, who was elected 11 March 2018, succeeding Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi (first female president). See who you know in common; Get introduced; Contact Antoinette directly; Join to view full profile Others named Antoinette Mukeshimana. They are engaged in monitoring, commenting upon, and assisting in the ICC's activities. The International Criminal Court does currently not have jurisdiction regarding the crime of aggression. Where there is a reasonable basis to proceed, it is mandatory for the Prosecutor to initiate an investigation. Temporal jurisdiction is the time period over which the Court can exercise its powers. United Nations Department of Public Information, December 2002. International Criminal Court (20 June 2006). [279] However, the summit did conclude that serving heads of state should not be put on trial and that the Kenyan cases should be deferred. [139] When a case is referred to the ICC by the UN Security Council all UN member states are obliged to co-operate, since its decisions are binding for all of them. [27] John Bolton, National Security Advisor of the United States, stated that ICC Court had no jurisdiction over the US, which did not ratify the Rome Statute. trials of elite perpetrators have deterrence and preventive effects for atrocity crimes. This authorization has led the act to be nicknamed the "Hague Invasion Act",[292][293] because the freeing of U.S. citizens by force might be possible only through military action. Legal Coordinator at International Criminal Court - Cour Pénale Internationale Den Haag en omgeving, Nederland Meer dan 500 connecties. In that event, ICC judges and prosecutors would be barred from entering the U.S., their funds in the U.S. would be sanctioned and the U.S. "will prosecute them in the US criminal system. "[29], Following the announcement that the ICC would open a preliminary investigation on the Philippines in connection to its escalating drug war, President Rodrigo Duterte announced on 14 March 2018 that the Philippines would start to submit plans to withdraw, completing the process on 17 March 2019. The official seat of the Court is in The Hague, Netherlands, but its proceedings may take place anywhere.[153][154]. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office. International justice can contribute to long‐term peace, stability and equitable development in post‐conflict societies. [101], The principle of complementarity means that the Court will only prosecute an individual if states are unwilling or unable to prosecute.   Investigation pending authorization Près de 900 membres du personnel : originaires d'environ 100 États. The Court itself, however, is composed of four organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. Victim's voices are heard in the Courtroom, as the Rome Statute grants victims unprecedented rights to One of the plaintiffs, Diane Marie Amann, stated that, as a result of sanctions against the chief prosecutor at the ICC, she herself risked having her family assets seized if she continued to work for children who are bought and sold by traffickers, killed, tortured, sexually abused and forced to become child soldiers. Les charges portées contre 3 personnes ont été abandonnées suite à leur décès. Trials in the Ntaganda case (DR Congo), the Bemba et al. A situation is listed here if an investigation was begun by the Prosecutor. 1 howard morrison 2018.jpg 4,222 × 4,197; 12.79 MB. Rome Statute took effect upon ratification by 60 States, officially establishing the ICC. 6 official languages: English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanish. The Court's management oversight and legislative body, the Assembly of States Parties, consists of one representative from each state party. The Court can issue an indictment under seal. [278] At the summit, the AU did not endorse the proposal for a collective withdrawal from the ICC due to lack of support for the idea. A situation is listed here if the Prosecutor of the Court has opened an investigation. However, NGOs are also "sources of criticism, exhortation and pressure upon" the ICC. Situation in Georgia, Public Document with Confidential, EX PARTE, Annexes A, B, C, D.2, E.3, E.7, E.9, F, H and Public Annexes 1, D.1, E.1, E.2, E.4, E.5, E.6, E.8, G, I, J, ICC‐01/15‐4 13‐10‐2015 1/160 EO PT, pp. [170] As of April 2017[update], the ICC's staff consisted of 800 persons from approximately 100 states. Ethiopian Foreign Minister Tedros Adhanom said: "We have rejected the double standard that the ICC is applying in dispensing international justice. Another issue has been that NGOs possess "exaggerated senses of their ownership over the organization and, having been vital to and successful in promoting the Court, were not managing to redefine their roles to permit the Court its necessary independence. [28] However, in June 2020, the decision to proceed led Trump administration to power an economic and legal attack on the court. ​La Cour pénale internationale (CPI) mène des enquêtes et, le cas échéant, juge les personnes accusées des crimes les plus graves qui touchent l’ensemble de la communauté internationale : génocide, crimes de guerre, crimes contre l’humanité et crime d’agression. The Court's subject-matter jurisdiction means the crimes for which individuals can be prosecuted. Currently, the Office of the Prosecutor has opened investigations in 12 situations: Burundi; two in the Central African Republic; Côte d'Ivoire; Darfur, Sudan; the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Georgia; Kenya; Libya; Mali; Uganda; and Bangladesh/Myanmar. As of 16 June 2012, the Prosecutor has been Fatou Bensouda of Gambia, who had been elected as the new Prosecutor on 12 December 2011.   Preliminary examination ongoing [45], The states parties cannot interfere with the judicial functions of the Court. Therefore, if legitimate national investigations or proceedings into crimes have taken place or are ongoing, the Court will not initiate proceedings. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. "Transnational Crime." [150] However, the United Nations[151] and the International Committee of the Red Cross[152] maintain that granting amnesty to those accused of war crimes and other serious crimes is a violation of international law. On 10 September 2018, John R. Bolton, in his first major address as U.S. National Security Advisor, reiterated that the ICC lacks checks and balances, exercises "jurisdiction over crimes that have disputed and ambiguous definitions," and has failed to "deter and punish atrocity crimes." [61] While a policy paper does not give the Court jurisdiction over a new category of crimes, it promises what the Office of Prosecutor will consider when selecting cases in the upcoming term of service. The ICC responded with a statement expressing “profound regret at the announcement of further threats and coercive actions. case: ICC Appeals Chamber confirms re-sentencing decision ICC press release. In the Akayesu case[82] the Court concluded that inciting directly and publicly others to commit génocide is in itself constitutive of a crime. Cour Pénale Internationale. [43] The Assembly is presided over by a president and two vice-presidents, who are elected by the members to three-year terms. [118] Hearsay and other indirect evidence is not generally prohibited, but it has been argued the court is guided by hearsay exceptions which are prominent in common law systems. The tallest volume with a green facade, placed in the middle of the design, is the Court Tower that accommodates 3 courtrooms. [157] In addition, the host state organised and financed the architectural design competition which started at the end of 2008. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (. Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni accused the ICC of "mishandling complex African issues." [17], In 2010 the states parties of the Rome Statute held the first Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in Kampala, Uganda. In June 2017, Victor Tsilonis advanced the same criticism which is reinforced by events, practices of the Office of the Prosecutor and ICC cases in the Essays in Honour of Nestor Courakis. “The US government has reason to doubt the honesty of the ICC. [136], One of the principles of international law is that a treaty does not create either obligations or rights for third states without their consent, and this is also enshrined in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Indicted but died before the trial and/or appeal (where applicable) was concluded. You need a political agreement. [20] The current administration of Donald Trump is considerably more hostile to the Court, threatening prosecutions and financial sanctions on ICC judges and staff in US courts as well as imposing visa bans in response to any investigation against American nationals in connection to alleged crimes and atrocities perpetrated by the US in Afghanistan. Indicted and has had at least first appearance; trial has not yet begun. [103][102], The Court will only initiate proceedings if a crime is of "sufficient gravity to justify further action by the Court". Cour Pénale Internationale | 906 followers on LinkedIn. [127][128] For the first time in the history of international criminal justice, victims have the possibility under the Statute to present their views and observations before the Court. [271][272][273][274] This sentiment has been expressed particularly by African leaders due to an alleged disproportionate focus of the Court on Africa, while it claims to have a global mandate; until January 2016, all nine situations which the ICC had been investigating were in African countries.[275][276][277]. After considering the Committee's report, the General Assembly created the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of the ICC to prepare a consolidated draft text. L’Allemagne a d’emblée fait partie de ses fervents partisans. In June 1989 Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, A. N. R. Robinson revived the idea of a permanent international criminal court by proposing the creation of such a court to deal with the illegal drug trade. Les juges ont rendu 8 condamnations et 4 acquittements. [269] Many work closely with states, such as the International Criminal Law Network, founded and predominantly funded by the Hague municipality and the Dutch Ministries of Defense and Foreign Affairs. Title La Cour pénale internationale : l'Afrique face au défi de l'impunité / Alioune Tine. Benjamin B. Ferencz, an investigator of Nazi war crimes after the Second World War, and the Chief Prosecutor for the United States Army at the Einsatzgruppen Trial, became a vocal advocate of the establishment of international rule of law and of an international criminal court. The Court engages in two-way dialogue directly with communities that have suffered from crimes under its jurisdiction, so that they can communicate directly with the Court and gain a sense of ownership in the judicial process. Author Tine, A. [46] Disputes concerning individual cases are settled by the Judicial Divisions. "Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels et inhumains ou dégradants": p. 182-199. Les voix des victimes se font entendre dans la salle d'audience, car le Statut de Rome leur accorde un droit sans précédent, celui de 8 in the list) (UNOG Library), A collection of primary documents critical to an understanding of the Evolution of the Legal Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, Agreements on the Enforcement of Sentences, Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act, Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution, Presidents and vice presidents of the Assembly of States Parties, American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the ICC, International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials), Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, Special Panels of the Dili District Court, International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Criminal_Court&oldid=994782885, United Nations General Assembly observers, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Articles with dead external links from January 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2017, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Combination Visser & Smit Bouw and Boele & van Eesteren ('Courtys'), Between initial appearance and beginning of confirmation of charges hearing, Between beginning of confirmation of charges hearing and beginning of trial, Between trial judgment and appeals judgment.

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